Weapons 2nd Rebirth
21.03.2006., utorak
Degman - novi tenk Hrvatske Vojske
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Ovo će bit čini mi se najduži post do sada ... ide tekst i na hrvatskom i na engleskom , ovaj na engleskom je do zadnjih detalja tj. hrpeetina statističkih podataka :). Izvadak iz časopisa Hrvatski Vojnik - tekst je napisao puk doc. dr. sc. Dinko Mikulić Degman i konkurencija Koncepcija tenka Degman i ocjena prihvatljivosti U cilju prikaza stanja glavnih borbenih tenkova (main battle tank, MBT) u zemljama tranzicije, u članku se daje trend modernizacije tenkova radi vrednovanja koncepta konfiguracije tenka DEGMAN. U komparaciji sa sličnim konceptima najbolje je ocijeniti vlastiti pristup. Nakon tvorničkih slijedi trupno ispitivanje Degmana što će dati analitičku i stručnu prosudbu prihvatljivosti tehničkih rješenja  Završava se proizvodnja inačice tenka M-84A4 u tvornici "Đ.Đaković" - Specijalna vozila d.d.. Istodobno se pokreće narudžba nove inačice tenka Degman i BOV - borbenog oklopnog vozila na kotačima u skladu sa zahtjevima tehničke modernizacije OSRH. Od nekadašnje licence za proizvodnju tenka T-72, razvoj prema tenku M-84A i proizvedenih oko 600 komada, zatim razvoj nove inačice tenka M-84A4 i dokaza kvalitete u Domovinskom ratu, te razvoj prema najnovijoj inačici tenka Degman, određen je put razvoja vlastitog strateškog obrambenog proizvoda. Poznato je da je bazni tenk M-84A zbog svojih sposobnosti prodan Kuvajtu. Novi tenk Degman je na temelju iskustva, razvoja i suradnje sa stranim partnerima savršeniji tenk od prethodnog i prilagođen zahtjevima naručitelja. Tenk je težak 44 tone, 2 tone teži od tenka M-84A4, ali savršeniji i sofisticiraniji. Najnovija tehnička rješenja zapovjedničke i topničke sprave osigurava tzv. "hunter-killer" sposobnosti koje pružaju posadi tenka da brzo pronalazi i uništava istodobno više ciljeva. Usavršeni tenk Degman donosi slijedeće prednosti: a) na području oklopne zaštite i samozaštite: nova višeslojna kupola s ERA dodatnim eksplozivnim reaktivnim oklopom, sustav upozorenja na laserske zrake kontrasprava i vođenih protutenkovskih projektila te automatsko izbacivanje dimnih zavjesa, zaštita posade od krhotina, ABK zaštita, protuminska zaštita posade i uređaja - uključujući specijalnu ugradnju vozačkog sjedala otpornog na udarno ubrzanje od eksplozije PT mine 10 kg TNT (ubrzanje manje od 15g, koje ne ozljeđuje kralježnicu vozača). b) na području paljbe: električni pogon topa i kupole, sustav upravljanja paljbom Omega 2, termovizijska ciljnička sprava za dnevno-noćne i otežane uvjete, "hunter-killer" sposobnost posade, opcija topa 125mm ili 120mm, mogućnost uporabe 3 do 6 vrsta streljiva. c) na području pokretljivosti: opcija osnovni dizel motor 780 KS, jači motor 1000 KS ili snažniji dizel motor 1100-1200 KS, živost vozila 8,5 sek/35 km/h, maksimalna brzina 70 km/h, automatsko upravljanje (mjenjač 5+1), domaće ili Diehl gusjenice, sustav nadzora radnih parametara, nova razvodna ploča vozača. Sad ide tekst na engleskom MBT Degman  Main Battle Tank Degman brings out successfully accomplished combination of tank M-84 and modern trends and solutions. Basic good properties of tank M-84 are kept: low silhouette, small mass, high density power train and powerful main armament. Implementing of advanced gun fire controls with thermal imaging sights and MCS, improved turret drives, RRAK explosive reactive armour, protection systems, communication equipment and other, gave a tank with amazing characteristics. Philosophy of open architecture, as capital DEGMAN eminence, enables full combining autonomy. Final tank structure could be defined according to specific user requests, dependable of compatibility, interoperability, operational-tactical, climatic and other requests. Selection between several options, mutually different in sophistication, technical characteristics and parameters, brings out a new and recognizable approach. General data Combat weight: 44.5 t Crew: 3 Length, gun forward: 10140 mm Width: 3590 mm Height: 2190 mm Clearance: 428 mm Specific ground pressure: 0.95 bars Fuel capacity: 1450 lit. Cruising range on road: 700 km Specific power: 16.5 kW/t Max. speed on road: 70 kmph Acceleration (0 to 32 kmph): 8.5 s Max. gradient: 58% Max. grade slope: 47% Trench width: 2.60 to 2.80 m Vertical obstacle: 0.85 m Fording depth: 1.20/1.80 m Dive depth: 5 m Armament Main gun: cal. 125 mm smooth bore tank gun with 3 types of two-part bullets (AP-FSDS, HEAT, HE) Ammunition capacity: 42 pcs (22 in automatic loader) Firing speed: up to 8 pcs/min Anti-aircraft MG: 12.7 mm Ammunition capacity: 360 pcs Coaxial MG: 7.62 mm Ammunition capacity: 2000 pcs Smoke pots launcher: 12 pcs Drive and suspension Engine: 12-cylinder, 4 stroke, multi-fuel diesel engine, water cooled, with 2 turbo-chargers and intercooler Power: 735 kW (1000 HP) Transmission: two gear-boxes with side transmission in gear-box axes, hydraulically steered Gears (forward/reverse): 5 / 1 Suspension: independent, with torsion bars, 6 hydraulic dampers, 6 road wheels and 3 return rollers per side Drive: idler wheels on front, sprocket at rear Tracks: 840I tracks with removable rubber pads OPTIONS: Engine 1200 HP compact power pack Transmission hydro-kinetic planetary gear-box Tracks M-84 tracks with rubber pads Power supply Voltage: 27 +2/-5 V Military batteries Model MIL 190130 Start 12 V - 190 Ah - 1300 A Quantity 4 pcs Total capacity 380 Ah Starter generator Model SG-10-1S Starter mode Power 19.1 kW Voltage 48 V Generator mode Power 10 kW Voltage 26.5 to 28.5 V Fire Control System & Actuators SUP Model OMEGA-D Stabilized gunner's laser sight with day and night channel Model SGS-D Day channel magnification 10x Night channel image intensifier 2nd generation Laser Nd-Yag Range distance 200 to 10000 m Commander's sight Model COMTOS (with integrated DNKS-2) Fire control computer Min. azimuth firing gate ± 0.25 mils Min. elevation firing gate ± 0.2 mils Computing accuracy 0.1 mils Trunnion tilt ± 15° Crosswind ± 40 m/s Gun vertical stabilized speed Min. 0.8 mils/s Max. > 70 mils/s Gun horizontal stabilized speed Min. 1.0 mils/s Max. > 340 mils/s Hydraulic turret & gun drive system Model 2E28MM Main gun loading automatic, electromechanical Model AP-175 OPTIONS: Stabilized gunner's laser sight with day and thermal channel Model TSGS-D Thermal channel with cooled detector: Spectral band 3 to 5 µm Noise equivalent temp. difference (NETD) < 0.05 K Detection range > 4000 m Recognition range > 2000 m Electrical turret & gun drive system Communication Equipment Intercom Model BCC 600 VHF Transceiver Model PR4G (2 pcs) Frequency range 30 to 88 MHz Hopping rate 300 hops/s RF output power max. 50 W HF Transceiver Model TRC 3600-3 Frequency range 3 to 30 MHz RF output power max. 400 W Operation mode Telegraphy Data Voice communication Security voice Vocoded voice Number of prog. channels 100 Protection Hull, turret multi layer composite armour Additional armour type RRAK, (hull front and side skirts, turret) Laser warning system Model LIRD Direct detection module Spectral range 0.4 to 1.6 µm Field of view in azimuth 20x18° = 360° Field of view in elevation -20° to +60° Indirect detection module Spectral range 1.0 to 1.6 µm Field of view in azimuth 360° Field of view in elevation -7° to -13° Indicator unit Angular resolution in azimuth 20x18° Threat characterization laser rangefinder laser designator indirect radiation AT laser-guided-missile Smoke protection engine operated smoke screen, six smoke launchers per side Fire extinguishing model SZ-2000, digitalized system to protect crew and vehicle, powered by microcontroller, high interference immunity NBK detection model DRHT Driver's Control panel Model RPV-2000 Digital driver's distribution panel is device dedicated for: * power supply distribution to circuit inside the vehicle * short circuit protection * engine and gear protection * incorporates supervising and measuring instruments with signalization; network connection with SZ-2000 Optics Comb. D&N driver’s periscope Model CODRIS-E Horizontal field of view 40° (night channel) 125° (day channel) Vertical field of view 30° (night channel) 25° (day channel) Image intensifier tube II+ generation Auxiliary periscope Model TNPA-65 driver 2 pcs commander 2 pcs OPTION: Thermal driver’s periscope Par fotki:    |
15.03.2006., srijeda
post :)
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Evo jebemu i glupi ljudi , zasto ljudi ne znaju stajati normalno u tramvaju nego uvijek nesto moraju srati. Il recimo idem jucer u sedamnajstici i pokusavam uci i baba se stane na vrata , ne ide van , ne ide unutra , a ima dosta mjesta, ne njoj je lakse bit na vratima jer ide na slijedecoj dolje ... mislim fakat blah. @Fidel - e nisam stvarno stigao , trebao sam i jos na nekoliko mjesta otici pa ni to nisam stigao :) ... nis , eto sretan rodjendan :) |
10.03.2006., petak
I'm back :)
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Evo post od mene nakon skoro cijele godine :) ... valjda cu opet pocet pisati nesto :). Na ovo me natjerao frend -> http://fidelspeaking.blog.hr/ |
16.03.2005., srijeda
Bu!
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Evo večeras ću neš novo staviti :D |
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Već 70 dana nisam ništ napisao :D :D Ajd evo nešto, još jedna puškica: (na Engleskom) Dragunov SVD - 7.62x54mmR Russian - Russia/CIS - Semi-Automatic - In 1958, GRAU (Glavnoye Raketno - Artilleriyskoye Upravleniye - the Chief Missile and Artillery Department of the Soviet Ministry for Defense) submitted a request for the development of a semiautomatic sniper rifle to replace the Mosin-Nagant sniper rifle. Many of the Soviet Union's firearm designers, such as Mikhail Kalashnikov and Evgeniy Dragunov, accepted the challenge. The rifle envisioned in the request was more than a simple sniper rifle. Along with high accuracy and the substantial range of fire, the weapon had to be lightweight, compact, and capable of semiautomatic fire. By 1963, Dragunov's SVD (Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova) beat all challengers including Kalashnikov. While its bolt, bolt carrier, and general arrangement are similar to those of the AK47 and AKM, parts are not interchangeable with the assault rifles. The SVD uses a different gas system because of the difference in cartridge length. Dragunov believed that the long-stroke gas piston of the AK-series would unbalance the rifle during the operating cycle. Instead, Dragunov chose a short-stroke piston which merely travels ~15mm to the rear, 'tapping' the bolt carrier, and then returning to its forward position. The most distinguishing visual features of the SVD are the open buttstock, which has a cheek pad to align the eye with a scope, and the 4x PSO-1 (Pritsel Snaipersky, Optichesky/Sniper Optic Sight) telescopic sight mounted over the receiver. The rifle is equipped with a long flash suppressor (similar to the PK) and can mount the standard AKM bayonet. It is normally issued with four magazines, a cleaning kit, and an extra battery and lamp for the PSO-1. Early variants had laminated wood furniture, but this has been gradually phased out for polymer equivalents. The SVD is optimistically credited with a maximum effective range of 1,300m with the PSO-1, and 800 meters with only iron sights. The PSO-1 has a 6-degree field of view and contains an integral, infrared detection aid along with an illuminated rangefinder reticle. Thus, the SVD is effective in daylight against point targets or at night against active infrared emitters, such as night driving aids and weapon sights. The reticle's rangefinder is tied to the height of a standing man; however, many feel that at longer ranges, this is too easy to misinterpret. With the use of this rangefinder, the PSO-1 can then be adjusted by a 'ballistic drop calculator' (BDC) cam to match the trajectory of the 7.62x54mm cartridge out to 1,000m. Beyond 1,000m, the reticle has hash marks for aiming at 1,100, 1,200, and 1,300 meters. It is not as accurate as rival Western designs; however, the Soviets demand reliability over all else. The SVD has been seen more as a Designated Marksman's rifle for direct support of troops in action, instead of a precision rifle designed for a Western Scout/Sniper team. Until recently, the Russian did not bother to issue a 'match-grade' 7.62x54mm cartridge. Prior to this, SVD users would blithely fire any of the standard 7.62x54mmR cartridges designed for the PK-series machineguns. Tactics: A good sniper rifle for the ranges in Rogue Spear. It is the best handling of the semi-auto sniper rifles. The scope is a little weak for the longer ranges however. 4x power mil-dot scope. Evo par slikica :)= :    |
05.01.2005., srijeda
A evo i tog OICW-a
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Sastavio sam fakin' tekst i nikak da ga prevedem, pa evo vam za sad na Engleskom. Kad završim prijevod objaviti ću i njega. :)= Heckler-Koch XM-29 SABR(Selectable Assault Battle Rifle) / OICW (Objective Individual Combat Weapon) assault rifle (USA) Caliber: 5.56 mm NATO (KE) and 20x85mm (HE) Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt (KE), unknown (HE) Overall length: 890 mm Barrel length: 250 mm (KE) 460 mm (HE) Weight: ca 5.5 kg empty; ca 6.8 kg loaded Magazine capacity: 20 or 30 rounds box (KE) and 6 rounds box (HE) The history of the one of the most ambitious projects in the history of small arms, known as the OICW, or the Objective Individual Combat Weapon, began late in the 1986, when the US Army Infantry School at Ft. Benning published a military paper, named "Small Arms System 2000" (SAS-2000). Despite the current trends towards the caseless and fleschette ammunition and appropriate weapons, researched and developed under the ACR program (see HK G11 and Steyr ACR entries for some details), this paper stated that the conventional small arms already reached its technological peak, and the only way to increase the hit probability in the small arms is to introduce a weapon that will fire explosive and fragmentation warheads, combined with the smart fusing and sighting / aiming technologies. While the most small arms research during the late 1980s in the USA was conducted under the ACR program, the idea first developed in the SAS-2000 was supported by another US military paper, published in 1989 by the US Army TRADOC (Training & Doctrine) center. This paper, called "The Small Arms Master Plan" (SAMP), requested for a family of infantry "Objective" weapons, namely the Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW), Objective Personal Defense Weapon (OPDW), and the Objective Crew Served Weapon (OCSW). The SAMP stated that such weapons must utilize the latest developments in computers and visual technologies, as well as in the small arms, and combine both high explosive warheads and traditional bullets fire capabilities in a single weapon, that should be fielded circa 2000. Of cause, the timelines and most of the weight and cost requirements set in this paper looked unrealistic from the start, but the development of the Objective weapons began in the early 1990s. During the early stages of research and development in the mid-1990 one out of the two teams was selected as a winner for further development contract. This team is lead by the US based Alliant Techsystems corporation (ATK), with the Heckler-Koch (Germany), Brashear and the Omega companies (both of USA) as the other team members. The ATK is responsible for system integration, and also develops the 20mm Air Burst munitions; HK is responsible for both the 5.56mm rifle and the 20mm grenade launcher; Brashear works on the sighting equipment and Omega provides the training means. The resulting weapon was type-classified by the US Army as the XM-29 circa 2002, and is scheduled to enter the service during the year 2008 in limited numbers. It will be then consequently upgraded with the new technologies then available. Present plans for fielding the M-29 are to issue four units per one infantry squad of 9 men. Early in the 2002 the XM-29 test weapons were successfully tested with the newest 20mm HEAB (High Explosive Air Bursting) munitions, which will be a major "kill factor" for the M-29 weapon. At the same time the "kinetic energy" part of the XM-29 was type-classified as the XM-8 light rifle, and, in the near future, could possibly replace the current Colt M4 carbines as a standalone compact conventional small arms. XM-29 OICW Description. The XM-29 is a combination weapon, which has the 20mm semi-automatic, magazine fed grenade launcher as its primary part, and the 5.56mm compact assault rifle as its secondary part. Both parts are assembled into the single one-man portable unit, with the addition of the target acquisition / fire control system (TA/FCS), which is an essential part of the whole system. The XM-29 will become an integral part of the future Land Warrior system, capable of communicating with the other parts of this system, including the tactical computers and helmet-mounted displays. The grenade launcher is capable to fire in semi-automatic mode only, and is gas operated. It has a bullpup layout with the detachable box magazine located in the butt of the weapon. The rifled barrel is used to launch the 20mm grenades up to the 1000 meters range with good accuracy. In the standard configuration most of the fire controls for the grenade launcher part are located on the rifle part, including the single trigger for both firing modules. It is quite possible, however, that the separate stock will be developed for the grenade launcher part, so it will be possible to use it without the rifle part attached. The launcher has the provisions for the TA/FCS system to be mounted on its top, and the appropriate interfaces, so the data provided from the TA/FCS can be used to program the 20mm grenade fuses. These fuses, used for the 20mm HEAB ammunition, has multiple mode of detonation, including the direct impact mode and the Air Burst mode. In the latter mode the fuse is pre-programmed to explode the warhead at the preset range, which is calculated during the flight by counting the number of the grenade rotations. This allows do defeat targets without the direct impact, using the blast and fragmentation effect of the high explosive warhead. This is a major advantage over the present small arms, which in most cases require the direct hit on the target to be effective, as it allows for greater aiming errors, and also makes possible to defeat targets in defilade, like the trenches and so. The high explosive warhead also has the advantage of not being dependent on its velocity to be effective, so unlike with the bullets, its effectiveness does not decreased with the increase of range. The disadvantages of this system is the extreme complexity of the electronic fuses, which results in the high price of a single round of ammunition. The present plans stated that the one HEAB round must cost about US $25, and it is still to be seen which will be an actual price when the M29 system will be fielded. It is interesting that the present design of the HEAB ammunition actually has two small HE warheads at the front and at the rear of the projectile, with the electronic fuse module located between them. While the HEAB is considered a primary round for the 20mm grenade launcher, it is entirely possible do develop a low cost, direct hit only anti-armour 20mm round with Shaped Charge warhead, which will be effective against lightly armored vehicles (APC, MICV and alike) and various hardened targets. The rifle, or "kinetic energy" part of the XM-29 system, on the other hand, is a fairy conventional, short-barreled assault rifle, derived from the Heckler-Koch G36 assault rifle. The basic "rifle" part of the XM-29 has no buttstock and no own sights, and thus can be used separately from the whole system only as emergency, personal defense weapon. While being mounted to the whole system, it can be used for a close quarters work, both defensive or offensive (the 20mm grenade launcher has it minimum range of fire of about 50-100 meters), or as an low-cost, low intensity medium range offensive weapon. Most of the XM-29 system controls are built into the "rifle" part, around the trigger guard. The target acquisition / fire control system (TA/FCS) is the most expensive and complicated unit of the whole system, since it must combine day and night vision capabilities, laser rangefinding unit, ballistic computer and various interfaces to the grenade launcher and external systems. It is used to find the targets in any light and weather conditions, determine the range to the target, calculate and display the aiming data, so the grenade or bullet could be fired to the desired point of impact, and then supply the data to the grenade launcher, so the range could be preset into the grenade fuse. In the case of damage to the TA/FCS the 20mm grenade launcher still can be used in the direct impact mode, as well as the rifle part of the system. The current research and testing showed that the XM-29 can be up to 500% more effective than the present small arms, but it is still to be seen if all the requirements will be met in the resulting system, especially regarding to the reliability of electronic components, weight, and, at last but not at least, the unit price. UPDATE:   |
